what is protocol-oriented programming

Asked on 08/12/2024

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Protocol-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that emphasizes the use of protocols to define interfaces and abstractions in Swift. A protocol is an abstract set of requirements for a type, and a type can conform to a protocol by providing implementations for all of its requirements. This approach allows for more flexible and reusable code, as protocols can be used with both value and reference types, unlike traditional class hierarchies which are limited to reference types.

In Swift, protocols provide a more general way to build abstractions, allowing developers to define common interfaces that multiple types can conform to. This is particularly useful for creating flexible and modular code. For example, the Swift standard library uses protocols to define common interfaces for collection types like arrays, dictionaries, and sets.

For more details, you can refer to the session A Swift Tour: Explore Swift’s features and design (14:06) from WWDC 2024, which covers protocols and their role in Swift programming.